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• 珍品收藏 | 2018年TED演讲视频合集

• 珍品收藏 | 2018年BBC听英文合集

  
  

TED简介：2012 | 喜剧演员茹比.韦克斯说，身体的疾病能得到同情，但大脑的疾病却常常被耻笑。这是为什么呢？十年前被诊断患有焦虑症的韦克斯，以令人钦佩的精力和幽默感，敦促我们结束对精神疾病的偏见和歧视。

演讲者：Ruby Wax 卢比·瓦克斯

片长：08：42

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=d0518a7v57s

One in four people suffer from some sort of mental illness, so if it was one, two, three, four, it's you, sir. You. Yeah.  With the weird teeth. And you next to him. You know who you are. Actually, that whole row isn't right. That's not good. Hi. Yeah. Real bad. Don't even look at me. 

每四个人中就有一人患有某种精神疾病，如果说是一、二、三、四，就是你了。先生，对，是你 。牙齿有点怪的那位，还有旁边那位，你自己可清楚了，事实上那一整排都不大正常。这不太好，是的，真的很糟糕，拜托别看着我。

I am one of the one in four. Thank you. I think I inherit it from my mother, who, used to crawl around the house on all fours. She had two sponges in her hand, and then she had two tied to her knees. My mother was completely absorbent. 

我就是四个人中的那一人，谢谢！我想我这病是从我妈妈那里遗传过来的。她常四肢着地在房子里四处爬动，她手里拿着两个海绵，还有两个绑在膝盖那里，我妈妈具有完全的吸水性。

And she would crawl around behind me going, "Who brings footprints into a building?!" So that was kind of a clue that things weren't right. So before I start, I would like to thank the makers of Lamotrigine, Sertraline, and Reboxetine, because without those few simple chemicals, I would not be vertical today.

她会跟在我身后爬来爬去，喊着:“谁会把脚印带到屋子里!”这算是个线索，有点不太对劲。在我开始之前，我想感谢拉莫三嗪(Lamotrigine)、舍曲林(Sertraline)、帕罗西汀(Reboxetine)的制药商。因为如果没有这几种常用药物，我今天就不会站在这里。

So how did it start? My mental illness -- well, I'm not even going to talk about my mental illness. What am I going to talk about? Okay. I always dreamt that, when I had my final breakdown, it would be because I had a deep Kafkaesque existentialist revelation, or that maybe Cate Blanchett would play me and she would win an Oscar for it. 

所以是怎么开始的？我的精神病 -- 嗯，我才不想谈我的精神病。那我要谈什么呢？好吧我总是想象着，我最后崩溃的原因，是因为我受到深奥的卡夫卡式存在主义啓示，或是因为凯特·布兰琪要扮演我，而她居然因此得到一座奥斯卡。

But that's not what happened. I had my breakdown during my daughter's sports day. There were all the parents sitting in a parking lot eating food out of the back of their car -- only the English -- eating their sausages. They loved their sausages. (Laughter) Lord and Lady Rigor Mortis were nibbling on the tarmac, and then the gun went off and all the girlies started running, and all the mummies went, "Run! Run Chlamydia! Run!" 

但实情并非如此。我崩溃的时候是在我女儿的运动会上。所有的家长都坐在停车场吃从后车厢拿出来的食物 -- 只有英国人 -- 吃腊肠。他们好爱吃腊肠。殭尸爵爷及其夫人正在柏油路上啃食，突然间枪声大作，所有的女孩都开始向前跑，所有的妈妈都叫着，「跑啊！快跑！克拉米底雅(Chlamydia)！快跑！」

 "Run like the wind, Veruca! Run!" And all the girlies, girlies running, running, running, everybody except for my daughter, who was just standing at the starting line, just waving, because she didn't know she was supposed to run. So I took to my bed for about a month, and when I woke up I found I was institutionalized, and when I saw the other inmates, I realized that I had found my people, my tribe. 

「像风一样跑啊！维路佳(Chlamydia)！快跑」〈克拉米底雅(Chlamydia)与维路佳(Chlamydia)为双关语，皆为以姓名而取的病名〉这些小女孩跑啊！跑啊！跑，每个人都在跑，除了我女儿，她只是傻傻地站在 起跑线上挥手，因为她根本不知道她应该要跑。我因此躺在床上大概一个月，当我醒来，我发现我已经被送入精神病房，而且当我看到其他病友，我了解到我已经找到了跟我一样的人，我的族类。

Because they became my only friends, they became my friends, because very few people that I knew -- Well, I wasn't sent a lot of cards or flowers. I mean, if I had had a broken leg or I was with child I would have been inundated, but all I got was a couple phone calls telling me to perk up. Perk up.Because I didn't think of that. 

因为他们成为我唯一的朋友，他们变成我的朋友因为很少我认识的人——嗯，我并没有收到很多慰问卡片或花束。我是说，如果我是断了一条腿或者我是怀了孩子，我应该会被花给淹没吧，但是我只收到了几通慰问电话，叫我赶快振作吧。振作。你以为我不想振作吗？

Because, you know, the one thing, one thing that you get with this disease, this one comes with a package, is you get a real sense of shame, because your friends go, "Oh come on, show me the lump, show me the x-rays," and of course you've got nothing to show, so you're, like, really disgusted with yourself because you're thinking, "I'm not being carpet-bombed. I don't live in a township." 

因为，你知道，当你得了这个病，有一件事，这件事就随之而来，就是你真的觉得好丢脸，因为你的朋友说，「喔，来吧，让我看看你的肿瘤在哪，让我看Ｘ光图。」当然你没有东西可以给人家看，所以你会，怎么说，很讨厌自己，因为你所思所想都是，「我没有被地毯式轰炸到，因为我不住在城里。」

So you start to hear these abusive voices, but you don't hear one abusive voice, you hear about a thousand -- 100,000 abusive voices, like if the Devil had Tourette's, that's what it would sound like. But we all know in here, you know, there is no Devil, there are no voices in your head. You know that when you have those abusive voices, all those little neurons get together and in that little gap you get a real toxic "I want to kill myself" kind of chemical, and if you have that over and over again on a loop tape, you might have yourself depression. 

所以你开始听到这些辱骂的声音，不只一种这样的声音你听到千千万万辱骂的声音，就好像魔王得了杜瑞氏症，听起来就像那样。但是我们都很清楚，你知道，这世界没有魔王，在你的脑袋里并没有那种声音。你知道吗，当你脑里产生了这种辱骂的声音，这些小小的神经元全集中在一起，然后在这个小小的缝隙里你真的中了一种「我想要杀了我自己」的化学毒药、而如果你不断地重覆这样的声音，你会让自己陷入忧郁。

Oh, and that's not even the tip of the iceberg. If you get a little baby, and you abuse it verbally, its little brain sends out chemicals that are so destructive that the little part of its brain that can tell good from bad just doesn't grow, so you might have yourself a homegrown psychotic. If a soldier sees his friend blown up, his brain goes into such high alarm that he can't actually put the experience into words, so he just feels the horror over and over again.

喔，这还不只是冰山一角。如果你生了个小宝宝，然后你对他施以口语虐待，他的小小的脑袋会送出化学物质，这种物质的毁灭程度会让脑中分辨是非的部分停止生长，所以你很有可能在家里培养神经病。如果一个士兵目睹同袍被炸，他的脑部会进入高警戒状态，这会使他无法将这个经验转成语言说出来。所以他就会一次又一次地经历这种恐惧。

So here's my question. My question is, how come when people have mental damage, it's always an active imagination? How come every other organ in your body can get sick and you get sympathy, except the brain?

所以我要问一个问题，我的问题是为什么人们对精神受创的人总是充满了臆测？为什么你身体的每一个器官都可以生病，而且你还会因此得到慰问，就是脑子不可以生病？

I'd like to talk a little bit more about the brain, because I know you like that here at TED, so if you just give me a minute here, okay. Okay, let me just say, there's some good news. There is some good news. First of all, let me say, we've come a long, long way. We started off as a teeny, teeny little one-celled amoeba, tiny, just sticking onto a rock, and now, voila, the brain. Here we go. 

我想再多谈一下脑部，因为我知道你们在TED论坛喜欢谈这些，所以请给我一分钟，好吗？好，这么说好了，还是有好消息的。真的有好消息。第一，我要说，我们已经走了一段很长很长的路。我们从这个小小小小的阿米巴原虫，很小，只能贴在石头上，到现在，瞧，一个脑袋，就是这个。

This little baby has a lot of horsepower.It comes completely conscious. It's got state-of-the-art lobes. We've got the occipital lobe so we can actually see the world. We got the temporal lobe so we can actually hear the world. Here we've got a little bit of long-term memory, so, you know that night you want to forget, when you got really drunk? Bye-bye! Gone. 

这个小宝贝马力很大。具有完全的意识，也有最先进的脑叶。我们有这个枕叶，让我们可以实际看到这个世界。我们有颞叶，所以我们可以实际听到这个世界。这里我们可以保持长期记忆，所以你还记得那个你很想忘记的夜晚，你醉死了？掰掰！消失了。

So actually, it's filled with 100 billion neurons just zizzing away, electrically transmitting information, zizzing, zizzing. I'm going to give you a little side view here. I don't know if you can get that here.  So, zizzing away, and so — (Laughter) — And for every one — I know, I drew this myself. Thank you. For every one single neuron, you can actually have from 10,000 to 100,000 different connections or dendrites or whatever you want to call it, and every time you learn something, or you have an experience,that bush grows, you know, that bush of information. 

所以其实这里充满了一千亿个神经元滋滋滋的以电子传送信息，滋滋，滋滋。我要让大家看一下侧视图。我不知道你能不了了解这张图？(指黑色线不规则线条的部分)。所以滋滋滋，所以 —对每一个 —没错，我自己画的。谢谢。对每一个神经元，你其实可以产生 一万到十万种不同的连结或叫树突，随便你怎么叫，每次你学了新东西或者有新的经验，这棵「树」就长大一点，你知道，就是储存资料的「树」

Can you imagine, every human being is carrying that equipment, even Paris Hilton?  Go figure.

你可以想象吗？每一个人都配有这样的装备。芭黎丝．希尔顿也不例外。不信？你去找找看。

But I got a little bad news for you folks. I got some bad news. This isn't for the one in four. This is for the four in four. We are not equipped for the 21st century. Evolution did not prepare us for this. We just don't have the bandwidth, and for people who say, oh, they're having a nice day, they're perfectly fine, they're more insane than the rest of us. Because I'll show you where there might be a few glitches in evolution. Okay, let me just explain this to you. 

但我要告诉你们一个坏消息，我的确有一些坏消息。这不是对那四人中的一个说的，这是给每一个人的。我们的装备跟不上21世纪。演化并没有让我们准备好面对这个。我们就是没有足够的频宽。对这些说着「喔！他们有个美好的一天，他们很好」的人而言，他们比我们还要精神错乱，因为我要告诉你们演化在哪里出了差错。好，容我解释一下。因为我要告诉你们演化在哪里出了差错。

When we were ancient man — (Laughter) — millions of years ago, and we suddenly felt threatened by a predator, okay? — (Laughter) — we would — Thank you. I drew these myself. (Laughter)Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. (Applause) Thank you. Anyway, we would fill up with our own adrenaline and our own cortisol, and then we'd kill or be killed, we'd eat or we'd be eaten, and then suddenly we'd de-fuel, and we'd go back to normal. Okay. 

几百万年前，当我们突然被掠食者威胁时，可以吗？我们会 — 谢谢，这是我自己画的非常感谢，谢谢。总之，我们的身体会充满肾上腺素 及可体松，然后我们或杀了掠食者，或被牠杀或吃掉他，或他吃掉我们。然后突然间我们的荷尔蒙平复我们回到正常。对吧。

So the problem is, nowadays, with modern man— (Laughter) — when we feel in danger, we still fill up with our own chemical but because we can't kill traffic wardens — (Laughter) — or eat estate agents, the fuel just stays in our body over and over, so we're in a constant state of alarm, a constant state. 

所以问题是，现在，我们这些现代人当我们觉得有危险时，体内仍然充满着自己产生的化学物质。但是因为我们不能杀了交通警察或是吃了那个房地产中介，这个燃料仍然充满体内不断充满，所以我们长期处在高警戒状态，总是如此高警戒。

And here's another thing that happened. About 150,000 years ago, when language came online, we started to put words to this constant emergency, so it wasn't just, "Oh my God, there's a saber-toothed tiger," which could be, it was suddenly, "Oh my God, I didn't send the email. Oh my God, my thighs are too fat. Oh my God, everybody can see I'm stupid. I didn't get invited to the Christmas party!" 

而且还有另外一件事。大约十五万年前，当语言出现的时候，我们开始用语言来形容这种紧急事件，所以这不仅仅是「噢！我的天，有一只剑齿虎来了。」而是突然变成「噢！我的天！我忘了送电邮。噢！我的天，我的大腿好肥！噢！我的天！大家都看到了我的蠢样。我没被邀请去那个圣诞派对！」

So you've got this nagging loop tape that goes over and over again that drives you insane, so, you see what the problem is? What once made you safe now drives you insane. I'm sorry to be the bearer of bad news, but somebody has to be. Your pets are happier than you are. (Laughter) (Applause) So kitty cat, meow, happy happy happy, human beings, screwed. (Laughter) Completely and utterly -- so, screwed.

所以这种恼人的声音一次又一次的播放，把你搞疯掉了，所以你知道问题在哪了吗？本来要让你安全的机制现在把你搞疯了。很遗憾，我是宣布这坏消息的人，总要有人说出来你的宠物比你还快乐，所以小猫咪，喵，幸福快乐，人类糟透了完完全全糟到极点——糟到最高点。

But my point is, if we don't talk about this stuff, and we don't learn how to deal with our lives, it's not going to be one in four. It's going to be four in four who are really, really going to get ill in the upstairs department. And while we're at it, can we please stop the stigma? Thank you. (Applause) (Applause) Thank you.

但我的重点是，如果我们不把这件事说出来，而且我们不去学习如何处理生活压力，就不是每四人中有一人得到精神病，而会是四人中的四人真的都要得病，住在医院的上层而对我们这些已经在那里的人，可不可以停止羞辱我们？谢谢。

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